13.12.2012, 13:22
Zu dem Komplex der „Rückkehrer nach Nordkorea“ gibt ein Buch:
Exodus to North Korea: Shadows from Japan's Cold War
Autorin: Tessa Morris-Suzuki
Link: http://japanfocus.org/-Tessa-Morris_Suzuki/3541
http://exodustonorthkorea.wordpress.com/...rth-korea/
Beschrieben wird besonders die Arbeit des Roten Kreuzes von Japan und Nordkorea und die politischen Strömungen in Japan.
Zur Weigerung von Südkorea schreibt diese Quelle: „ South Korea in particular refused to accept Koreans who were scheduled for deportation because they had broken the law in Japan, and this led to an intensifying dispute during which, from October 1954, South Korea began to refuse to accept any Korean deportees from Japan at all. As a result, the number of Koreans held in the Immigration Bureau’s Ōmura Detention Centre rose from 413 at the beginning of 1954 to 1,383 at the beginning of 1957.“
Zeitzeugen gibt nur wenige, aber es scheint so, dass ein Vielzahl der Rückkehrer in Nordkorea schlecht behandelt wurden. Siehe: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/2631839.stm, daraus ein Zitat:“ "It wasn't long before those of us who had come from Japan became homesick and wanted to return," Mr Aoyama said.
"Some of them ran a petition pleading with (then-North Korean leader) Kim Il-sung for permission to go back. They were all sent to prisons, concentration camps.
"In 1964 a close friend of mine was caught listening to Japanese radio.
"That night he was taken to a camp. The next day, the police returned for his family and hauled them and a few family possessions into the back of a truck.
"That was the last we saw or heard of them," Mr Aoyama said.
According to Japanese research about 10,000 Japanese Koreans disappeared in this way. „
Aus einer anderen Quelle: „A particularly disturbing aspect of the repatriation story is the fact that the Japanese government and Red Cross became aware within the first year of the scheme that many “returnees” to the DPRK were facing severe poverty and hardship on their arrival. Indeed, by 1961 the government was actually quoting letters sent by “returnees” to their relatives in Japan in its intelligence assessments to demonstrate the parlous state of the North Korean economy. Yet neither the Japanese government nor the Red Cross nor Sōren did anything to stop or slow the scheme, or to warn departing Koreans of the fate that awaited them.
If economic and political conditions had later improved, then the memories of that first shock of arrival might have faded. But in fact, things grew worse. The “returnees” from Japan came to be regarded by the North Korean government as unreliable citizens or (worse still) as spies. Many were “sent over the mountains”: an ominous phrase which can mean anything from being sent to work in a remote and impoverished village to being incarcerated in one of North Korea’s expanding labour camps.“ http://www.japanfocus.org/-tessa-morris_suzuki/3241
Exodus to North Korea: Shadows from Japan's Cold War
Autorin: Tessa Morris-Suzuki
Link: http://japanfocus.org/-Tessa-Morris_Suzuki/3541
http://exodustonorthkorea.wordpress.com/...rth-korea/
Beschrieben wird besonders die Arbeit des Roten Kreuzes von Japan und Nordkorea und die politischen Strömungen in Japan.
Zur Weigerung von Südkorea schreibt diese Quelle: „ South Korea in particular refused to accept Koreans who were scheduled for deportation because they had broken the law in Japan, and this led to an intensifying dispute during which, from October 1954, South Korea began to refuse to accept any Korean deportees from Japan at all. As a result, the number of Koreans held in the Immigration Bureau’s Ōmura Detention Centre rose from 413 at the beginning of 1954 to 1,383 at the beginning of 1957.“
Zeitzeugen gibt nur wenige, aber es scheint so, dass ein Vielzahl der Rückkehrer in Nordkorea schlecht behandelt wurden. Siehe: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/2631839.stm, daraus ein Zitat:“ "It wasn't long before those of us who had come from Japan became homesick and wanted to return," Mr Aoyama said.
"Some of them ran a petition pleading with (then-North Korean leader) Kim Il-sung for permission to go back. They were all sent to prisons, concentration camps.
"In 1964 a close friend of mine was caught listening to Japanese radio.
"That night he was taken to a camp. The next day, the police returned for his family and hauled them and a few family possessions into the back of a truck.
"That was the last we saw or heard of them," Mr Aoyama said.
According to Japanese research about 10,000 Japanese Koreans disappeared in this way. „
Aus einer anderen Quelle: „A particularly disturbing aspect of the repatriation story is the fact that the Japanese government and Red Cross became aware within the first year of the scheme that many “returnees” to the DPRK were facing severe poverty and hardship on their arrival. Indeed, by 1961 the government was actually quoting letters sent by “returnees” to their relatives in Japan in its intelligence assessments to demonstrate the parlous state of the North Korean economy. Yet neither the Japanese government nor the Red Cross nor Sōren did anything to stop or slow the scheme, or to warn departing Koreans of the fate that awaited them.
If economic and political conditions had later improved, then the memories of that first shock of arrival might have faded. But in fact, things grew worse. The “returnees” from Japan came to be regarded by the North Korean government as unreliable citizens or (worse still) as spies. Many were “sent over the mountains”: an ominous phrase which can mean anything from being sent to work in a remote and impoverished village to being incarcerated in one of North Korea’s expanding labour camps.“ http://www.japanfocus.org/-tessa-morris_suzuki/3241